Fertility tests

Semen analysis: a starting point for male fertility assessment

Fertility is a shared concern, so assessing sperm factors early can prevent delays and unnecessary assumptions. A semen analysis is a common starting test, not a verdict about a person's ability to become a parent. Results need clinical context and sometimes repeating.

What is measured?

The laboratory may report sample volume, sperm concentration, movement and appearance. Collection instructions, time since the last ejaculation, illness and laboratory methods can affect the result. Follow the laboratory's instructions rather than guessing how to prepare. A single result outside a reference range does not tell you the cause or rule out pregnancy.

What happens after an unexpected result?

Your clinician may recommend a repeat test and ask about medical history, fever, operations, medications and other factors. Selected people may benefit from further assessment by an appropriate specialist. Avoid assuming that every abnormality calls for the same treatment: the pattern and severity of findings matter alongside the other partner's evaluation.

How does it connect to treatment?

Some couples may discuss timing or IUI, while others may consider IVF with or without ICSI. ICSI is a laboratory fertilisation technique, not a cure for every cause of sperm-related infertility. Ask how each recommendation follows from your results, what uncertainty remains and whether more testing would change your options.

Does one low sperm count mean pregnancy is impossible?

No. Results vary, and one number alone cannot predict an individual outcome. Bring the full report to a qualified clinician for interpretation.

For general education only. This page is not a diagnosis or an individual treatment plan. Discuss decisions with a qualified clinician. For urgent symptoms, seek urgent medical care.